Line a 9-inch square metal pan with two crossed strips of parchment, leaving enough overhang to lift the bars later. Combine the graham crumbs, melted butter, granulated sugar, and salt in a medium bowl until every crumb looks evenly damp. Tip the mixture into the pan and compress it firmly with the flat bottom of a measuring cup, paying attention to the corners. Refrigerate the crust for at least 20 minutes while preparing the filling.
Pour the cold water into a small microwave-safe bowl, then sprinkle the gelatin evenly over the entire surface instead of dropping it in one mound. Leave it undisturbed for 5 to 10 minutes. The granules should absorb the water and form an opaque, thick gel with no dry powder visible. Proper blooming hydrates each granule before heating, which helps the gelatin dissolve smoothly rather than forming tough specks in the lemon filling.
Place the softened cream cheese in a large bowl and beat with a paddle or hand mixer on medium-low speed for about 1 minute, scraping the bowl, until completely smooth. Add the confectioners’ sugar, 1 tablespoon plus 2 teaspoons lemon zest, and vanilla; mix until creamy. With the mixer on low, add the room-temperature lemon juice in four additions. Scrape thoroughly after each addition and stop when the base is glossy, uniform, and free of cream cheese lumps.
Microwave the bloomed gelatin for 5 seconds, stir, and repeat only as needed until it becomes clear and fluid; do not let it boil. Let it stand for about 1 minute so it remains liquid but is not piping hot. Whisk 3 tablespoons of the lemon cream cheese base into the dissolved gelatin. With the mixer running on low, pour this tempered mixture into the remaining base in a thin stream, then mix for 20 seconds and scrape the bowl.
In a clean bowl, whip the cold heavy cream on medium speed for 2 to 3 minutes, until the whisk leaves defined tracks and lifted peaks stand with slightly bent tips. Fold one-third of the whipped cream into the lemon base to loosen it, then gently fold in the remainder until no white streaks remain. Spread the filling over the chilled crust with an offset spatula, press it into the corners, level the surface, and sprinkle with the reserved lemon zest.
Refrigerate the uncovered pan for 30 minutes, then cover without touching the surface and chill for at least 5 1/2 more hours, preferably overnight. The center should barely wobble as one cohesive piece, and a light fingertip touch should not leave wet filling behind. Lift the slab out by the parchment and place it on a cutting board. Cut into 16 bars with a large knife, wiping and warming the blade under hot water between cuts, then serve chilled.